The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms
Christine Ammer
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alpha and omega The beginning and the end, the first and the last, as in She had to master the alpha and omega of the new computer program before she could even begin. This idiom and its meaning, based on the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, appears in the New Testament (Revelation 1:8): “I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord,” where it is repeated three more times.
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by Jove Also, by cracky. Used to express surprise or emphasis. For example, By Jove, I was glad to see her, or It was a great day, by cracky. These mild oaths are euphemisms, the first for “by Jesus” or “by God” (Jove is another name for Jupiter, the principal Roman god), and the folksy variant by cracky for “by Christ.” Both idioms may be dying out.
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banana oil Nonsense, exaggerated flattery, as in I should be on television? Cut out the banana oil! The precise analogy in this idiom is not clear, unless it is to the fact that banana oil, a paint solvent and artificial flavoring agent, has no relation to the fruit other than that it smells like it. [1920s] Also see SNAKE OIL.
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beg the question Take for granted or assume the truth of the very thing being questioned. For example, Shopping now for a dress to wear to the ceremony is really begging the question—she hasn’t been invited yet. However, today it is often used to mean avoiding a straight answer, as in The seating arrangement begs the question of who has higher rank. Also, it occasionally is used as a synonym for “ask the question” (as in The article begs the question: “What are we afraid of?”).
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bell the cat, who will Who has enough courage to do a dangerous job? For example, Someone has to tell the teacher that her own son started the fire, but who will bell the cat? This expression originated in one of Aesop’s fables as retold by William Langland in Piers Ploughman (c. 1377), in which the mice decide to put a bell around the cat’s neck as a warning device but then can find none among them who will actually do it.
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betwixt and between Undecided, midway between two alternatives, neither here nor there. For example, I’m betwixt and between canceling my trip entirely or just postponing it, or Jane is betwixt and between about accepting the offer. The adverb betwixt, originally meaning “by two,” is seldom heard except in this expression, first recorded in 1832.
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can’t make head or tail of Also can’t make heads or tails of. Fail to understand, be quite confused about, as in I can’t make head or tail of these directions. A version of this term dates back to Roman times, when Cicero wrote Ne caput nec pedes (“neither head nor feet”) to describe confusion. In the current idiom the precise allusion is unclear: head and tail may mean top and bottom, beginning and end, or the two sides of a coin. [Second half of 1600s]
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cross the Rubicon Irrevocably commit to a course of action, make a fateful and final decision. For example, Once he submitted his resignation, he had crossed the Rubicon. This phrase alludes to Julius Caesar’s crossing the Rubicon River (between Gaul and Italy) in B.C., thereby starting a war against Pompey and the Roman Senate. Recounted in Plutarch’s Lives: Julius Caesar (c. A.D. 110), the crossing gave rise to the figurative English usage by the early 1600s.
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crying towel A figurative towel for wiping the tears of a self-pitying individual. For example, So you didn’t make the first team? Get out the crying towel. This expression is always used sarcastically. [Slang; 1920s]
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carry coals to Newcastle Do or bring something superfluous or unnecessary, as in Running the sprinkler while it’s raining, that’s carrying coals to Newcastle. This metaphor was already well known in the mid-1500s, when Newcastle-upon-Tyne had been a major coal-mining center for 400 years. It is heard less often today but is not yet obsolete.
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Catch- A no-win dilemma or paradox, similar to DAMNED IF I DO, DAMNED IF I DON’T. For example, You can’t get a job without experience, but you can’t get experience unless you have a job—it’s Catch-22. The term gained currency as the title of a 1961 war novel by Joseph Heller, who referred to an Air Force rule whereby a pilot continuing to fly combat missions without asking for relief is regarded as insane, but is considered sane enough to continue flying if he does make such a request.
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chickens come home to roost The consequences of doing wrong always catch up with the wrongdoer, as in Now that you’re finally admitting your true age, no one believes you—chickens come home to roost. The fact that chickens usually come home to rest and sleep has long been known, but the idea was used figuratively only in 1809, when Robert Southey wrote, “Curses are like young chickens, they always come home to roost” (The Curse of Kehama).
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Chinaman’s chance Also, ghost of a chance. An extremely slim chance, a hopeless undertaking. Both versions are most often put negatively, as in He hasn’t a Chinaman’s chance of finishing the work in time, or They haven’t a ghost of a chance to get as far as the playoffs. The first term, now considered offensive, dates from the late 1800s when many Chinese immigrants came to work in California and were resented because they worked for lower wages. Its precise allusion is unclear. The variant, which relies on the meaning of ghost as an insubstantial shadow, dates from the mid-1800s. Also see the synonyms CHANCE; SNOWBALL’S CHANCE IN HELL.
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dead cat bounce A surprisingly quick but short-lived recovery from adversity. The term originated in the 1980s and referred to a suddenly improved price in a stock that lasted only until speculators quickly resold it at the higher price. It alludes to throwing a dead cat against a wall, from which it will bounce but will remain dead. The term has been extended to similar phenomena, as in The home team has won the last two games but don’t count on more victories; that was a dead cat bounce.
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different strokes for different folks → See under NO ACCOUNTING FOR TASTES.
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duck soup An easily accomplished task or assignment, a cinch to succeed, as in Fixing this car is going to be duck soup. This expression gained currency as the title of a hilarious popular movie by the Marx Brothers (1933). The original allusion has been lost. [Early 1900s]
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Dutch courage False courage acquired by drinking liquor, as in He had a quick drink to give him Dutch courage. This idiom alludes to the reputed heavy drinking of the Dutch, and was first referred to in Edmund Waller’s Instructions to a Painter (1665): “The Dutch their wine, and all their brandy lose, Disarm’d of that from which their courage grows.”
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egg in your beer A bonus, something for nothing, as in What do you want—egg in your beer? This expression dates from about 1940 and became widespread during World War II. The origin is unknown, since adding egg to beer does not improve the taste.
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fiddle while Rome burns Occupy oneself with unimportant matters and neglect important ones during a crisis. For example, The account was falling through, but he was more worried about missing his golf game—talk about fiddling while Rome burns! This expression alludes to the legend that the Emperor Nero played his fiddle while watching the conflagration of Rome. [Mid-1600s]
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full of beans 1. Lively, energetic, in high spirits, as in The children were full of beans today, looking forward to their field trip. This expression has no obvious explanation. [c. 1840] 2. Also, full of prunes. Acting foolish, talking nonsense, as in One cup of coffee won’t hurt you—you’re full of prunes. [c. 1930]