Psychology: A Complete Introduction

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First annotation on Jun 24th, 2025. Last on Jun 25th, 2025.

Although the phrase 'nature and nurture' had been used by Shakespeare in his play The Tempest (1610–11), it was first used in its modern sense by the English Victorian scientist Francis Galton (a cousin of Charles Darwin) in discussions about the influence of heredity and environment on social advancement.
Cognitive psychology: the term 'cognitive psychology' was first coined by Ulric Neisser in 1967 with the publication of his book of the same name, and is the study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, thinking, attention, learning and decision-making. This branch of psychology is closely related to other disciplines, such as neuroscience, philosophy and linguistics. The discipline grew out of a cognitive shift away from the behaviourist approaches of the 1950s that focused on outward behaviour (that can be seen and thus easily measured) to a more processing approach focusing on internal thoughts to explain that behaviour.